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C28000
C28000
UNS C28000 (standardized under ASTM B36 / B36M for plate, sheet, and strip, ASTM B111 for seamless tubes, ASTM B171 for condenser tubesheets, and ASTM B21 for forging and rod stock; historically known as Muntz Metal or CuZn40) is a classic (α + β) duplex structural brass. Formulated with 59.0% to 63.0% copper and a zinc balance, C28000 sits on the threshold where the microstructural phase balance shifts from single-phase alpha into a dual-phase alpha-beta matrix. This higher proportion of the harder, more rigid beta (β) phase gives C28000 higher tensile strength, rigidity, and hot workability than traditional cartridge brasses, making it the foundational alloy for heavy plates, structural shapes, heat exchanger tubesheets, and hot-forged architectural components.
Chemical Composition
Elements | Min (%) | Max (%) |
Cu | 59.00 | 63.00 |
Pb | – | 0.30 |
Fe | – | 0.07 |
Total Others | – | 0.30 |
Zn | Remainder | |
Mechanical Properties According To ASTM B36 (As Per Temper HO2)
Range (Inch) |
From |
To |
UTS Min (ksi) |
UTS Max (ksi) |
PS Min |
Elongation Min (%) |
Hardness Min (HRB) |
Hardness Max (HRB) |
| Round (Dia) | 0.059 |
2.953 |
58 |
70 |
– |
– |
52 |
80 |
| Hex (A/F) | 0.118 |
2.756 |
58 |
70 |
– |
– |
52 |
80 |
| Square (A/F) | 0.118 |
2.362 |
58 |
70 |
– |
– |
52 |
80 |
Range (mm) |
From |
To |
UTS Min (MPa) |
UTS Max (MPa) |
PS Min |
Elongation Min (%) |
Hardness Min (HRB) |
Hardness Max (HRB) |
| Round (Dia) | 1.5 |
75 |
400 |
485 |
– |
– |
52 |
80 |
| Hex (A/F) | 3 |
70 |
400 |
485 |
– |
– |
52 |
80 |
| Square (A/F) | 3 |
60 |
400 |
485 |
– |
– |
52 |
80 |
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES |
|
| Melting Point – Liquidus°F | 1660 |
| Melting Point – Solidus°F | 1650 |
| Density lb/cu in. at 68°F | 0.303 |
| 8.39 | 8.39 |
| Electrical Conductivity % IACS at 68°F | 28 |
| Thermal Conductivity Btu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F | 71 |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-57210⁻⁶ per °F (68 – 572°F) | 11.6 |
| Specific Heat Capacity Btu/ lb /°F at 68°F | 0.09 |
| Modulus of Elasticity in Tension ksi | 15000 |
| Modulus of Rigidity ksi | 5600 |
FABRICATION PROPERTIES |
|
| Technique | Suitability |
| Soldering | Excellent |
| Brazing | Excellent |
| Oxyacetylene Welding | Good |
| Gas Shielded Arc Welding | Fair |
| Coated Metal Arc Welding | Not Recommended |
| Spot Weld | Good |
| Seam Weld | Not Recommended |
| Butt Weld | Good |
| Capacity for Being Cold Worked | Fair |
| Capacity for Being Hot Formed | Excellent |
| Forgeability Rating | 90 |
| Machinability Rating | 40 |
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